In a rapidly growing nutraceutical market, adaptogens rank among the most sought-after ingredients. At the heart of this trend, the three major ginsengs — Panax ginseng, American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) — stand out as premium actives for formulations targeting energy, stress, cognition and immunity.
Although they share a common reputation as natural tonics, their composition, history and biological effects differ significantly, offering real opportunities for differentiation for dietary supplement professionals.
Panax ginseng: the reference adaptogenic ingredient of Asian medicine
Panax ginseng, often called “Asian ginseng” or the “true ginseng,” is one of the most iconic ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Used for more than two millennia, it has historically been associated with longevity, vitality and physical strength.
a unique phytochemical profile
Its exceptional richness in ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides and antioxidants explains most of its benefits.
These bioactive compounds — such as Rg1, Rb1, Rg3 or Rc — are widely studied for their effects:
- Powerful adaptogenic properties, helping the body cope with stress.
- Physical and cognitive stimulation, beneficial for concentration, productivity and fatigue management.
- Immunomodulatory action, supporting natural defenses.
- Energy support, through effects on cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function.
Red ginseng, produced through a traditional steaming and drying process, concentrates higher levels of transformed ginsenosides, improving both bioavailability and tonic effects — a key argument for premium formulations.
american ginseng: the calming and regulating counterpart
Lesser known among consumers but highly valued in specialized formulations, American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) has a distinct identity — gentler and more balancing than its Asian counterpart.
Native to North America and traditionally used by Indigenous peoples, it has been in high demand in Asia since the 18th century.
gentle yet targeted benefits
Its unique profile results from a different ginsenoside ratio, with a predominance of Rb1, giving it:
- Calming and regulating effects, without excitatory impact.
- Anti-stress and anti-fatigue properties, particularly useful to reduce mental load.
- Metabolic benefits, especially regarding blood sugar balance and energy regulation.
- Cognitive support, with positive effects on memory and focus.
Unlike Panax ginseng, often used for immediate energy, American ginseng excels in formulations focused on recovery, emotional balance and nervous system support.
siberian ginseng: eleutherococcus, the key adaptogen of Russian tradition
Siberian ginseng, also known as eleutherococcus, is not a true ginseng botanically. However, its recognition as a powerful adaptogen fully justifies its historical association with ginsengs.
Developed and extensively studied in the former USSR, it was used in programs aiming to improve physical stamina, resistance to cold and even in cosmonaut preparation.
active compounds centered on eleutherosides
Rich in eleutherosides (B, E…), it stands out for its:
- Strong adaptogenic properties, ideal for long-term stress resistance.
- Anti-fatigue effects, supporting both physical and mental endurance.
- Immune-support actions, particularly valuable during seasonal challenges.
- Cognitive benefits, helping maintain focus in high-pressure situations.
More affordable than Panax species and often better tolerated, Siberian ginseng is a strategic choice for sport formulas, high-stress occupations and periods of overload.
three ginsengs, three complementary approaches: a complete toolbox for formulators
Although often grouped together, these three ginsengs do not play the same role and offer diverse opportunities depending on product objectives.
- Panax ginseng: stimulation, energy, vitality, cognitive performance, immunity
- American ginseng: stress management, nervous system support, emotional balance, metabolic regulation
- Siberian ginseng: endurance, stress resistance, immune defense, sports performance
Their diversity allows for synergistic formulas, clear range segmentation or precise responses to consumer needs: natural energy, stress relief, cognitive focus, sports performance, immunity, recovery…
growing global demand in the nutraceutical market
The rising interest in adaptogens, the search for natural solutions for chronic fatigue and the growing nootropic sector are driving renewed attention to standardized ginseng extracts.
Advances in extraction technologies, improved standardization of ginsenosides and eleutherosides, and more robust supply chains strengthen the scientific credibility of these actives.
For brands, the three ginsengs represent a strategic opportunity:
high-value ingredients, backed by tradition, supported by science and perfectly aligned with current consumer expectations.
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